It Pays To Be Aware Of Who You Are Paying
Alright, so you owe some money, but who is attempting to get you to pay up? There are two kinds of people who may call you looking to collect money that you owe to a creditor. The creditor themselves (the business that you owe the money to directly – think Visa), or a third party collection agency that Visa may hire to collect their debts for them. The Fair Debt Collection Practice Act (FDCPA) was created in the 1970s and provides a wealth of protections for debtors. These are strict regulations and rules that a debt collector must follow, and if any of these rules are broken, there is a great possibility that take the agency that violated the FDCPA to court. But what about that deadbeat friend of yours who owes you five bucks? Are you required to grant them thirty days to refute your claim? Clearly, as both you and your friend’s wallet know, you don’t.
My point is that the FDCPA is a very special set of guidelines meant specifically for a very special set of people: third party debt collectors. Browse through Morency v. Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Corp. This was a district court case in Illinois from 1999. In this court case, a hospital issued and sent out pre-collection notices in an attempt to collect debt. For third party debt collectors, this is a definite no-no according to the FDCPA. What could have happened? Well, anyone that got the letter might have been off the hook for their debt. But after looking at the situation, the court held that the hospital was a creditor, because the money was going directly to it, and not a third party collection agency, so the FDCPA did not apply.
This case has not been the first of its kind, and courts will take many questions into consideration to determine if the creditor should also be deemed debt collector. In a lot of these cases they ask the following questions: Does it say on the letters that get mailed out if the debtor doesn’t pay up the debt will be sent out to collection? Did the creditor hire a collection agency only to send letters, not on commission? Is the collection agency itself just a mailing service?
Here’s another example: if a debtor neglects to respond to a letter sent out by a bill collection company, and said collection agency has no further contact with this individual, it probably won’t be held to third party bill collection company standards. If a collection agency doesn’t receive the files or information on the debtors, then it probably won’t be considered a debt collection agency either.
And thus completes our lesson on the difference between third party debt collection agencies and creditors attempting to collect, and why it pays to know who you are paying. And remember: good luck trying to get that five dollars back from your friend!
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Thinking Of Declaring Bankruptcy? A List Of Some Things You Should Never Do: Part Two
In the last article in this two part series I gave you a short synopsis of what bankruptcy was, what each chapters meant, and a list of things to avoid doing once you have made the decision to declare bankruptcy. Continuing on, if you are filing for bankruptcy, do not liquidate your retirement account. First, it is unnecessary to do this because retirement accounts are typically exempt property under the law, no matter what chapter you file. Plus, if you withdraw this money early, this means liability for penalties and taxes which may not be discharged in your bankruptcy.
This next “don’t” won’t make you feel so great, but it is smart to bear it in mind. When you are paying back money that you owe, don’t favor your family members and friends. This is because even though they might be your blood, as far as the law is concerned, relatives have the exact same legal status as all of the other creditors that you owe. It is understandable that you may want to pay back the people you love nearly and dearly the most, but bankruptcy courts are not exactly known for eliciting warm, fuzzy, sympathetic feelings.
Before you declare bankruptcy, don’t transfer your property out of your name. If a logical price was not received for your property, this action can be undone, and it can certainly be canceled out if it were made with the intent to hinder, defraud, or delay a creditor. Relatives and friends can fall into this category as well.
Do not utilize your equity line of credit to pay off your creditors. This is because under most state and federal laws, you have the ability to claim exemption for your home equity. So if you do not use your equity line, you can go through bankruptcy and still be able to hold onto your equity. Think about it this way: if you used your equity line to pay back debt or to take out another mortgage, what you would be doing in a nutshell would be converting debt that would have been discharged in bankruptcy into debt that you will still have to pay in order to keep your home.
To finish the article I will give you one DO: make sure you have a good lawyer, and always tell her the full truth and let her know all of your worries and concerns. Courts take themselves very seriously and have the capacity to file criminal charges if you intentionally commit fraud. And even if they did not go that far, they always have the ability to discharge any debt that they want, or even to simply dismiss the entire case.
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Filing For Bankruptcy? A List Of DONT’S Pt. 2
Don’t pay back family members. The thing is that they can not be treated any differently than other creditors. As far as the law is concerned, relatives have the same legal status as every creditor that you owe. Therefore, relatives can not be treated differently than all of the other places. I know that stinks, but it’s the law.
Do NOT liquidate your retirement account! They are typically exempt property in a bankruptcy regardless of what chapter you file, so it is not necessary to do this. Some people liquidate and still owe huge amounts of money, and if you withdraw these funds early that makes you fully liable for penalties and taxes which might not be discharged in the bankruptcy.
Don’t transfer property out of your name before you file bankruptcy. This action can be undone if a fair price isn’t received, or if it were made with intent to defraud, delay, or hinder a creditor. Friends and relatives fall into this category too.
Do not utilize your equity line of credit to pay off your the money you owe. Under most federal and state law, you will have the option to claim exemption for the equity in your home. So you can go through bankruptcy and still be able to have this equity.
So basically, if you use your equity line to pay off money you owe or to take out a second mortgage, you will for the most part be converting debt that would have been discharged in bankruptcy into debt which you will still need to pay so you can hold on to your home.
And one last do: Always speak to your attorney with honesty and make them fully aware of all of your concerns. Courts take their rules seriously and have the ability to file criminal charges if intention fraud is committed. And even if they don’t go that far, they can refuse to discharge a particular debt, or simply dismiss the entire case.
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